Comfirmation Vs.Disconfirmation

Hey! So, today we have learnt about disconfirmation & comfirmation. There are a few areas affected by disconfirmation and confirmation & suggestions to avoid it from happening.

1. Racism.

-it happens when different religion/ culture couldn't get along with the other religion/culture.

-it happens anywhere and everywhere.

-this is cause by negative perception. 

  *eg: In Malaysia, some people call Chinese -> Orang China which is a very rude thing to say as Chinese in Malaysia are Malaysian too. 

Suggestions : 

-avoid using double meaning members towards a particular race. 

-do not connect with extremist attacks ( like I.S) .

-do not view media regarding to multi races.

2. Sexism 

-bias on specific gender. 

-some countries are still struggling to acknowledge women as an individual who can work equally like men. 

-sex-role stereotyping: assumption of some professions belong to men and others to women.

Suggestions : 

-use gender-neutral terms.

-do not insult people.

-uses she&he/ him or her instead of using he/ his

3. Heterosexism

-having a 'different' treat to gays and lesbians.

-although most religion are against homosexuality.

Suggestions :

-avoid offensive mannerism.

-avoid 'complimenting' gay/lesbians on their heterosexual appearance.

-avoid assuming a gay people to speak for all.

4. Ageism

-discriminate based on age.

Suggestions :

-avoid putting off older people.

-be patient with older folks. 

-don't assume old people are not interested.

How do we use verbal message effectively?

1. Symbolize reality (partially)
2. Express both facts and inference
3. Be relatively static
4. Obscure distinction

In order to communicate effectively, we must use verbal message as it can :
1.Symbolize reality (partially)

- words bring a lot of meaning 

- in reality, it usually is about the brands and names. 

2.Express both facts and inference

- verbal message can bring to misunderstanding. therefore, it is important to practice this. 

- factual statement are objective.

- inference statement are subjective.

3.Be relatively static
-message are formed following perception and impression.

-it is called as static Evaluation.

4.Obscure distinctions

   * Indiscrimination 

   - confused by people,object or event to stereotyping.

   * Polarization

   - looking the world in a negative way.

By,